What causes breast cancer?

 
What causes breast cancer?

In many cases, the exact cause of breast cancer is not known. However, researchers have identified several factors that can increase a person’s risk. These include hormonal influences, genetics, lifestyle choices, and environmental exposures.

Breast cancer begins when DNA inside breast tissue cells changes (mutates). Healthy cells grow and divide in a controlled way, but cancer cells grow uncontrollably. As these abnormal cells multiply, they can form a mass called a tumor. Over time, the tumor may invade nearby healthy tissue and, in some cases, spread to other parts of the body.

Factors That Increase Breast Cancer Risk

Certain factors are known to raise the likelihood of developing breast cancer, including:

  • Sex: Breast cancer is far more common in women than in men

  • Age: Risk increases with age, particularly after age 55

  • Family history: Having close relatives (such as a parent or sibling) with breast cancer increases risk

  • Genetics: Mutations in genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 significantly raise the risk

  • Smoking: Tobacco use exposes the body to cancer-causing chemicals

  • Alcohol consumption: Alcohol can damage DNA and affect hormone levels

  • Obesity: Fat cells produce estrogen, which has been linked to certain breast cancers

  • Prior radiation exposure: Radiation can damage DNA and increase cancer risk

Having one or more risk factors does not mean you will develop breast cancer, but awareness helps with early detection and prevention.

Breast Cancer Symptoms

While some breast cancer symptoms are distinctive, others are not as noticeable. Common symptoms include: 

  • Changes in the shape, size, or contour of the breast

  • A lump or mass

  • Changes in the look or feel of the breast or nipple (puckered, dimpled, scaly, or inflamed)

  • Clear or bloody discharge from the nipple

Not all breast changes indicate cancer, but any new or unusual symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.

Get Tested Today

Early detection saves lives. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms—or if you are a woman age 40 or older—talk to your healthcare provider about scheduling a mammogram. Regular screenings are one of the most effective tools for detecting breast cancer early, when treatment is most successful.

Schedule a Mamogram
 
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